RF lifting is a radiofrequency radiation procedure used in aesthetic cosmetology offices. It is based on the beneficial effects of radio waves and electricity on the inner layers of the skin, which are responsible for firmness and elasticity.
The method of treating diseases using high-frequency currents has been used since 1908. The scientist R. Tseynik introduced it into medicine, but it was called diathermy. Twenty years later, it was discovered that ultra-high frequency therapy has many indications. Only in 2001, based on previously obtained information, Thermage was developed. This technique became a prerequisite for further developments and the appearance of RF-lifting on the market of cosmetic services.
RF lifting is often used to treat the skin on the face, but can be prescribed for other areas of the body.
What is thermolifting of the face?
Thermolifting is the effect on the skin of infrared or radio wave rays, which are converted into thermal energy and have a positive effect on the skin.
The procedure is aimed at stimulating the production of collagen and elastin, reducing the depth of wrinkles and enhancing skin lifting and allows achieving results comparable to plastic surgery. Thermolifting improves blood circulation, launches rejuvenation processes, and activates the restoration of collagen fibers. In addition to eliminating age-related changes on the face and body, with the help of thermolifting you can get rid of stretch marks on the stomach and remove the “orange peel” from the buttocks and thighs.
RF lifting: indications
1) loose skin on the face, neck, arms or abdomen, 2) the desire to get rid of cellulite, 3) non-surgical correction of bags under the eyes, 3) changing the contours of the face and neck.
RF face lifting is most often performed for the following areas –
- forehead (eyebrow lifting and forehead skin tightening),
- cheeks (the skin is slightly tightened and enlarged pores are reduced),
- jawline (folds are reduced and sagging skin is tightened),
- neck (skin tightens, double chin decreases),
- area under the eyes (the skin thickens and tightens, the size of bags under the eyes decreases due to the burning of fatty hernias),
Important : It should be noted that RF lifting reviews from the developers of the method indicate that if you need to increase skin elasticity, then this technique is only suitable for skin that has only the initial signs of aging, and in which the process of producing its own collagen is still quite strong. If you are interested in burning fat deposits, or you want to get rid of cellulite, then the age of your skin does not matter.
Types of thermolifting
RF lifting
Radio frequency thermolifting (or RF lifting) is a procedure based on the radio wave method of heating the deep layers of skin under the epidermis. As a result of targeted impact on the most vulnerable areas, thinning of the fat layer occurs, reflex expansion of blood vessels and acceleration of metabolism. But the main effect is the effect on collagen. Stretched collagen fibers are reduced under the influence of RF lifting, due to which the skin becomes firm and elastic again.
RF lifting can be carried out in several modes, depending on the type of device and the settings used:
1
Monopolar. Uniform development of the selected area at the same depth. It is characterized by high power and correspondingly high exposure temperatures (50-60°C), so it is not suitable for delicate areas.
2
Bipolar. Switching the polarity allows you to reduce the power and temperature of exposure (up to 45°C). Suitable for delicate areas.
3
Tripolar. The latest generation of devices with constantly changing polarity. It has the most gentle effect and allows you to quickly work on large areas. Can be used on any skin type and in the most delicate areas, including the area around the eyes.
Idealist cosmetology uses a modern monopolar device Radiosurg made in Germany and a bipolar device Geneo+ from Pollogen made in Israel.
The cost of RF lifting at Idealist cosmetology depends on the area where it is performed. Prices start from 3 thousand rubles – separately for the eye area, neck, and décolleté. The cost of the face + neck + décolleté complex is 8 thousand rubles.
Infrared
Thermal effects are produced using infrared radiation. The procedure is gentle on the skin and does not cause complications. Thermolifting allows you to correct and tighten the oval of the face, reduce nasolabial folds and jowls, tighten the skin and reduce the depth of wrinkles.
Fractional infrared thermolifting
Fractional means that the maniple does not act as a continuous spot, but in fractions, that is, it is divided into small segments of influence.
Advantages and disadvantages
The technique is suitable for any skin type. After treatment, there are no bruises or scars left, and no pain occurs during the treatment. A person feels only relaxing warmth.
The method is also suitable for those who cannot afford injection rejuvenation procedures due to allergies or other contraindications. Since foreign substances are not introduced into the body, the condition of the skin improves due to the internal reserves of the body. Because of this, there is no rehabilitation period.
The procedure also has disadvantages. In older people, the effect is not achieved immediately. You need to repeat the procedure to achieve the desired result. Some women undergo it once a month.
Disadvantages include high cost, persistence of redness and tightness of the skin for several hours.
Contraindications
There are also a number of contraindications. These include:
- severe hypertension;
- acne in the acute stage;
- silicone implants in the area of conduction;
- pregnancy and lactation;
- autoimmune diseases;
- epilepsy.
Temporary contraindications include exacerbations of chronic diseases, rosacea and skin infections.
By combining several techniques, a faster effect can be achieved.
How is the procedure performed?
Thermolifting of the face is a quick and painless procedure that does not require special preparation. Stages of implementation:
1
Consultation with a cosmetologist, determination of the thermolifting technique, area of influence, number of sessions.
2
Skin cleansing.
3
Applying a special thermal lifting product to the skin. It not only eliminates discomfort, but also increases the efficiency of penetration.
4
Impact on the skin using a device configured to individually selected parameters. The procedure takes 20-30 minutes.
No recovery required. For the first time after thermolifting, it is not recommended to be exposed to direct sunlight, visit baths, or open reservoirs.
Are there possible consequences or complications?
Failure to comply with contraindications may result in negative consequences. These include:
- swelling;
- burns;
- itching;
- exacerbation of herpes;
- the appearance of high skin sensitivity.
In a situation where swelling and redness have not disappeared within three days, you should come for a follow-up appointment at the clinic where the procedure was performed. You can reduce the risk of unwanted reactions if, within 4 days:
- do not sunbathe;
- do not visit the solarium, bathhouse, sauna;
- do not carry out cosmetic procedures;
- do not engage in too vigorous physical activity.
On the day of the procedure, it is not recommended to use other techniques aimed at deep and aggressive effects. If all rules are followed, there are no side effects.
Patient reviews with before and after photos
Cosmetologists at the Idealista clinic practice only those procedures that give visible results. Positive reviews about thermolifting of the face and body confirm the effectiveness of the technique; the visual result can be assessed from the before and after photos.
“I thought for a long time about which rejuvenation procedure to choose, and in the end I settled on thermolifting. I was satisfied with everything! And the price, and the procedure itself, and its result. The changes are noticeable immediately. The skin became smoother and very beautiful. And over the next month, my appearance only improved; all my friends immediately started asking what I was using. Be sure to try it!”
“For a long time I wanted to correct the contour of my face and remove age-related folds, so I decided to go to a cosmetology clinic. They suggested that I do thermolifting. The price, of course, is not very cheap, but I am completely satisfied with the result. It will be necessary to repeat periodically for the results to be maintained. A good procedure and absolutely painless. Yes, and the recovery is very fast and almost imperceptible. Compared to other procedures, this seems to me the most reliable.”
“With age, unsightly folds have formed on the face. Wrinkles are completely invisible in comparison. I read a lot about thermolifting, so I decided to sign up for this procedure. As a result, it took little time and did not cause any discomfort. After the procedure, the result was noticeable almost immediately. The cost is high, but justified, I think. I will continue to do thermolifting.”
Prices for thermolifting at DasClinic
| Application area | Cost of 1 project, rub. | Cost from 3 pr., rub. |
| thermolifting of eyes and eyelids | 3 500 | 3 000 |
| thermolifting of the periobital zone | 3 500 | 3 000 |
| thermolifting of the face | 6 000 | 5 000 |
| thermal forehead lifting | 3 500 | 3 000 |
| thermolifting of face and neck | 8 500 | 7 500 |
| thermolifting of the neck | 3 000 | 2 500 |
| thermal chin lifting | 3 000 | 2 500 |
| thermal lifting of the chest and décolleté | 3 500 | 3 000 |
| thermolifting of the abdomen | 4 900 | 4 000 |
| thermolifting of shoulders | 3 000 | 2 250 |
| thermolifting of hips | 5 000 | 4 000 |
| thermolifting of buttocks | 3 500 | 3 000 |
| thermal lifting breeches | 3 500 | 3 000 |
| thermolifting of the lower third of the face, chin and neck | 6 000 | 5 000 |
photo of the effect of rf thermolifting
Doctors performing thermolifting:
BOGDANOVA ANNA
Dermatocosmetologist Plastic surgeon
VAGANOV NIKOLAY
K.M.N. Plastic surgeon
ROMANOVA LIANA
Dermatovenerologist Cosmetologist
KONOREZOVA VICTORIA
Dermatovenerologist Cosmetologist
KARELINA NATALIA
Nurse
SKORODIMOVA MARINA
Nurse
INDZHGIYA LIA
Gynecologist-endocrinologist, D.M.N. Ultrasound diagnostic specialist 23 years of experience
GORELOVA IRINA GEORGIEVNA
Ultrasound diagnostic doctor
32 years of experience
Reviews from patients who have undergone thermolifting of the face:
22 of October
Name: Zarina Sharipova (Moscow, Perovo station)
For me, the beach season is a real disaster, my butt is literally dug up by a tractor, not even in holes, but in potholes. The main thing is only on the buttocks, hips, just a little bit. I looked at the photo after the laser thermolifting procedure and was completely delighted. I did 5 sessions, first only on the buttocks, now I do the stomach, sides and thighs. There are no downsides other than the duration over a large area of the body. And the advantages are gigantic - much smoother skin, dense and elastic, reduction in volume and no wild pain, like with an anti-cellulite massage.
09 October
Name: Svetlana (Moscow, Novogireevo)
She conducted a course of thermolifting procedures, which is simply indispensable for an effective face and body lift. Clinic specialists use Palomar Star Lux 500 and Deep IR attachments. Such equipment provides high power to infrared rays, and a fairly long duration allows the rays to penetrate to a depth of more than 7 mm. Thus, the most lasting lifting effect is achieved. what is most important and mainly for me personally is that the skin is not damaged at all, which eliminates the need to waste time on rehabilitation
September 30th
Name: Anastasia (Moscow, Shosse Entuziastov metro station)
Not long ago I underwent an infrared deep thermolifting procedure. A similar method of effective rejuvenation was carried out at the Dasklinik clinic, in which the doctor used the Palomar Star Lux 500 device using the Deep IR attachment. The event is completely safe and gives simply unique results. For me personally, this is an ideal opportunity to combat various age-related changes, sagging skin after weight loss
02 September
Name: Daria Slobodina (Novogireevo)
I noticed the effect of fractional thermolifting after the first procedure. I completed the full course for six months and the results only increased. The skin on the face tightened, became denser, moreover, the oval of the face became clearer. In the future I plan to do not only my face, but my whole body as a whole. As I was told, this is an ideal opportunity to carry out a high-quality abdominal lift, which I had sagged a little after my second birth. I will also carry out a number of thermolifting procedures at Dasklinik to treat the hips, knees and buttocks. The level of professionalism in the clinic and service is excellent, now I am its regular client
August 28
Name: Victoria (Eastern Administrative District, Novogireevo metro station)
I did two procedures at once with a short interval: IPL thermolifting and biorevitalization. This is something with something! Beauty, terrible power, rejuvenated, freshened. The skin is smooth, even, toned. Of course, injections with hyaluronic acid are still a pleasure, but thermolifting is a completely different matter. Without pain and any needles. I did it in winter, the effect was after one procedure, I think if I repeat it it will be even better.
August 15
Name: Ekaterina (Moscow, Sokolinaya Gora station)
At the Dasklinik cosmetology center, I underwent a procedure to rejuvenate my face and body using thermolifting. The procedures gave me just the perfect effect, both on my face and body. Several years ago I performed it abroad and the overall effect lasted more than 2.5 years. In this clinic, rejuvenation is carried out no less comfortably and professionally. I was thoroughly consulted in advance and, based on research, the most suitable rejuvenation option was prescribed. Infrared thermolifting in my case became an ideal option
July 31
Name: Lyubov (Eastern Administrative District, Perovo district)
I dragged my mother to laser thermal lifting, she is already over 50, her skin is not just wrinkled, it is faded, dry and sagging. Mom laughed, said that nothing would help her, and asked not to spend the money. It’s good that I didn’t listen - mommy even cried when she saw the result. She said she hasn't looked this good in years. There were immediately fewer deep wrinkles, the face was noticeably tightened, the oval became clearer, the color was more even and lighter. We were very pleased, I myself will go for infrared lifting, laser on the face for older people.
06 July
Name: Lisa (Moscow, Shosse Entuziastov metro station)
I did infrared IR thermolifting, unusual sensations. I already have the impression that it is useful and effective, but unpleasant. Everything is wrong here, the doctor is nice, the procedure is painless, it’s just cold and warm. After the first time, I noticed an obvious increase in skin tone, evenness of tone, and the appearance of visual freshness.
May 25
Name: Ksenia (Eastern Administrative District, Andronovka station)
After liposuction, they advised me to also do thermal lifting of the abdomen, the fat was removed and the skin became loose and ugly. I had IPL lifting done in Perovo. The doctors are attentive, the equipment is modern, the procedure is painless. Advantages - no discomfort, noticeable effect, no recovery period required, affordable price, elastic and pleasant to the touch skin. I didn’t see any downsides, I will do it again on the face and neck, it tightens sagging skin well, gives a pronounced tone without unpleasant procedures.
January 29
Name: Olga Shikaeva (VAO, Perovo)
I'm afraid of operations because I underwent a lot of them in childhood - anesthesia is strictly contraindicated for me. For a long time I was looking for good doctors and a clinic where they do a facelift without a scalpel. And then my sister surprised me on her anniversary - at 50 she appeared without deep wrinkles around her eyes, without sagging cheeks and a looming double chin. So I came to DasClinic to get it, they explained to me that it doesn’t matter when the thermolifting is done: in winter or summer. I did 5 deep laser thermolifting (IPL) procedures - the wrinkles went away, the corners of the mouth lifted, the nasolabial fold decreased. My husband began to carefully examine me and again found me very attractive - an amazing result!
January 09
Name: Valeria Rubinina (Eastern Administrative District, Novogireevo)
As a thrifty person, I wanted to tighten my skin inexpensively. But I met a friend who took advantage of the “economy offer” and realized that the search criteria needed to be changed. I learned about DasClinic from another friend, went to a consultation with Pogosova Liana, she told me about the types of procedures: deep laser and infrared thermolifting. She showed us the equipment, and we settled on thermolifting with infrared radiation, carried out by the ThermaCool device. We carried out three procedures, I compared my new photos with a photo of a friend after a circular facelift procedure - no worse!
December 17
Name: Inga Osipova (Moscow, VAO)
After many persistent efforts, I got rid of those extra pounds and was as happy as an elephant, if not more so. But the sagging skin on my stomach, thighs, and legs drove me into despair, even though I had lost weight, I couldn’t look at myself in the mirror with pleasure. Beauty salons could not help me, I began to visit clinics, they advised plastic surgery to tighten the skin. But I didn’t think the desired effect was worth going under the knife. I read again and again negative reviews about surgical lifts, got upset and thought that there was no alternative. From an advertisement I learned that DasClinic performs thermolifting of the skin in all areas that I needed to correct. After the 7th IPL procedure, the skin not only stopped hanging along the body, but even stopped being flabby!
30 June
Name: Larisa Kudryashova (Perovo)
I went for thermolifting because I wanted to become younger. At heart I am like a 20-year-old girl. Not for someone younger and more beautiful, but for myself. The figure is young, and the face should match it. A couple of IR skin tightening procedures have produced results, and I already feel renewed. Believe me, the prices offered in this beauty salon are inexpensive. And the equipment is high quality - I didn’t experience any side effects.
May 11
Name: Olya Gordenko (Shosse Entuziastov metro station)
Thermolifting is my salvation. I realized this when I went to a beauty salon on my sister’s recommendation. I often frown, so a transverse fold has appeared, and the corners of my mouth have drooped down. I started to look 8 years older. I've done a couple of procedures so far. And I’ve already noticed the effect - my skin has become younger, I look my age, but good doctors have reassured me that the result will soon be more effective. I really hope for it. Somehow I no longer wanted to frown, so I smile more. And don’t listen to negative opinions - everything is individual for everyone. Some people eat oysters and are overwhelmed with pleasure, while others are allergic to seafood. But this does not mean that they can be thrown away immediately.
26 April
Name: Oksana Safonova (Perovo metro station)
My husband signed me up for thermolifting, oh, and I was angry. But still I did several thermolifting procedures. And now I am grateful to him. The effect was incredible - the nasolabial folds were smoothed out, the corners of the lips were pulled up. After two procedures I began to look younger. Now my husband looks at me differently, he likes me and we are on our second honeymoon.
March 19
Name: Liliya Gafuri (Moscow, Enthusiastov Highway)
My friend and I decided to take charge of ourselves, and completely. We started going to the gym every day, running, and completely gave up sweets. Of course, I began to feel noticeably better, but my skin stubbornly remained with wrinkles, so it was time to take care of that too. We chose the Dasklinik clinic based on its proximity to home, affordable prices and a good review from our friend (who had a mole removed on her face here). The most interesting thing was next, because initially I wanted to do thermolifting of the face, and my friend wanted laser resurfacing - but in the end it turned out that in essence they are the same thing))) they did everything quickly, essentially in one go. At my request, they gave me anesthesia, because... the procedure is quite painful. At first my face was red, which I was terribly embarrassed about. But within a day, the skin began to acquire a natural color and I finally began to see the effect of thermal lifting. I’ll say right away that at first it was quite small. But now, after 2.5 weeks, it has become quite noticeable - the skin has smoothed out, small wrinkles have disappeared and even in general the face has begun to look somehow more natural, or more beautiful) in general, the main thing is that I now like myself and will do everything to make it so it remained!)
March 03
Name: Lyudmila (Moscow, VAO)
I actively play sports for myself, make masks to make my skin look healthy. But masks do not help tighten it, and therefore it is flabby on the stomach, and on the sides and legs it is also not in ideal condition. I read reviews about thermolifting and decided to sign up for procedures at the clinic. Even the negative reviews didn’t bother me (I don’t remember where I saw them). I've done a couple of sessions so far. It's still far from ideal, but the skin has tightened. So I’m quite pleased with the result, although I plan to undergo several more procedures. Moreover, surprisingly, this service at the clinic is inexpensive - I thought that such courses cost fabulous money.
the 13th of November
Name: Tatyana Gracheva
I’ve been going to DasClinic for a long time, I’ve done thermolifting 7 times and I must say that the effect is simply excellent, the stomach and thighs have tightened up greatly, the flabbiness has disappeared! Now I go for maintenance procedures, about once every six months. There are bad reviews on the forums because people do not understand how it all works - the result does not appear immediately, but after a while. It is best seen after about 4-6 months... but our people are such that when everyone writes crap, and when everything is fine with you, then you are too lazy to write to everyone! So don’t be scared, choose the procedures that suit you and be beautiful!
November 03
Name: Natalia
I’ve been dreaming of tightening my skin for about 5 years now, I’ve been weighing the pros and cons for a long time, and I’m finally ready for laser thermolifting. I went here based on the reviews of a friend who goes to the clinic for RF radiofrequency lifting. It’s not a problem to sign up, you can even do it in the evening. The procedure itself lasts 30-50 minutes, the doctor is quite a nice and friendly girl - when she saw my pale face, she encouraged me and joked all the time. Based on the effect, I can say that it is more noticeable than tightening creams and other homemade things. The skin really tightened and smoothed out, but I was expecting something more. To date, approximately 2.5 months have passed, the effect has persisted. Now I'm wondering if I will repeat all this)
September 19
Name: Vika
excellent procedure, I tried it on my 42nd birthday - now at least it’s nice to look in the mirror! I compared several clinics, compared to the center, here it’s almost 5 thousand cheaper. Moreover, if you consider that you pay for the procedure, the savings are significant.
August 15
Name: Olesya
I did a thermolifting course at the beginning of the year, I am very pleased with the effect, especially on the face and stomach. It seems to me that a lot here depends on the characteristics of the body, because on the hips and butt the result was noticeably weaker + I read a lot of reviews on women’s forums, which does not help many. But for me the priority was my face; to be honest, I didn’t expect the effect to last so long. My skin tightened up and I was able to partially remove wrinkles (at 37 years old I don’t have many of them). One of the obvious drawbacks, in my opinion, is the price, despite the fact that I was specifically looking for a clinic in the Perovo area so that it would be cheaper - but as they explained to me, the device itself and the drugs used are quite expensive... where it’s too cheap, it’s most likely some kind of deception... so that I had to fork out money
Author of the article : Gadzhibekova Liana Gadzhibalaevna - dermatovenerologist, cosmetologist. Work experience more than 7 years. Specializes in injection procedures, contouring and 3D modeling, hardware cosmetology and thread lifting. A regular participant in international forums and congresses dedicated to medical cosmetology. You can view official certificates and supporting documents here.
Author's contacts on social networks:
Home use
Home thermolifting can be divided into hardware and manual.
Both types have a right to exist, since with systematic use they can significantly affect the structure of the skin.
Manual
Each woman carries out manual exposure to the skin independently every day. The manipulations are as follows:
- cleansing of decorative cosmetics;
- applying cream;
- massaging or patting:
- applications or hot masks.
All these manipulations can improve the condition of the skin, tighten the oval of the face, restore color and youth.
Here it is important to comply with several conditions - systematicity and quality of cosmetic care products.
Evaluate the effectiveness of microcurrent facial therapy using photos before and after the procedure. Find out in this publication the cost of surgery to remove Bisha's lumps.
Follow the link https://cosmetolog-expert.ru/plastika-litsa/feyslifting/lob-brovi/mimicheskie-morshhinyi-kak-ubrat.html if you are interested in how you can remove expression wrinkles on the forehead.
Hardware
Devices for home use are manufactured similarly to professional ones, but there is still a significant difference. The differences are lower power and smaller size, which may affect efficiency.
With long-term use of such devices, you can achieve very good results at home. Low wave power will not cause any unpleasant consequences or complications.
Carrying out thermolifting at home will not restore youth to women with pronounced age-related changes, but it will be an excellent preventive measure after a course of procedures in beauty salons.
Materials and equipment
In Russian specialized cosmetology clinics, domestic equipment is more often used, since imported devices have a high cost, which significantly affects the price of the procedure itself.
Before conducting a session, it is worth asking about the manufacturer of the equipment, as sometimes this can affect the final result.
Basic equipment:
- AirLax (Russian device for vacuum facial massage and thermolifting);
- AntiLax (made in Japan);
- Atlas (devices from South Korea);
- CryoShapePro 008 (universal Russian device for cryolipolysis, thermolifting (RF + laser beam);
- IntraGen (made in Japan);
- IPL+RF (Russian device for photorejuvenation, photoepilation and thermolifting procedures);
- MagicPolar (Russian multipolar device for thermolifting with photochromotherapy);
- Palomar (American assembly);
- ReAction (manufacturing country - Israel);
- RenewEvolution (Italian equipment);
- RenewFace (Italian facial beauty equipment);
- Scarlet RF (Russian minimally invasive fractional bipolar RF with microneedles);
- SharpLight (manufacturing country - Israel);
- SkinTyte (infrared thermolifting from Ukraine);
- Soprano XL ICE (Israeli device);
- Thermage (thermage equipment from Russia);
- Titan (infrared thermal lifting of American assembly);
- V-ShapePro (Russian universal device for thermolifting and vacuum facial massage).
Materials
Masks and creams are especially distinguished from materials:
- creams from different manufacturers;
- BeautyStyle (plaster mask for thermolifting from the USA).
The quality of the material, equipment and other details completely influence the result of the procedure.
Before carrying out cosmetic manipulation, it is better to find out everything in advance from the clinic’s specialists. The technique itself has a standard scheme.
Recommendations from dermatologists
Remember:
After the procedure, it is imperative to use the highest level of sunscreen.
The break between sessions should be at least 4 weeks. Taking into account the recommendations of experts, plan laser thermal lifting during the period of inactive sun (in the Russian Federation - from 01.11 to 28.02), at least a month before tanning and vacation by the sea.
If you regularly take care of your skin and cannot afford a long rehabilitation period, then deep fractional infrared lifting is the procedure for you!
Contraindications
Despite its relative safety, the technique has a number of absolute and relative contraindications. This is important to consider in order to eliminate negative consequences for the beauty and health of the skin.
The main contraindications include:
- pregnancy and breastfeeding;
- active phase of the menstrual cycle;
- hypertension stages 2.3;
- chronic pathologies of organs or systems;
- pacemaker;
- gynecological diseases of any origin;
- inflammatory or infectious diseases;
- endocrinological disorders (diabetes, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism);
- epileptic conditions;
- systemic lupus erythematosus;
- blood diseases;
- oncogenic diseases.
Some contraindications are transient in nature and are eliminated after adequate treatment.
Wave radiation and thermal effects can affect the progression of certain ailments, the growth of tumors, and contribute to the generalization of inflammatory foci.
